inFOCUS Quarterly: 9/11 Past and Present
Summary
This issue of inFOCUS Quarterly, published in Fall 2021, examines the 20 years since 9/11, focusing on the strategic thinking, geopolitical shifts, and policy failures that have shaped the world. It covers topics such as the rise of global threats, the US-Israel security cooperation, the complexities of Central Asia, the challenges in Saudi Arabia, and the aftermath of the Arab Spring. It also includes an interview with former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo.
Top Questions and Answers
Q: What are the main global threats discussed in the document?
A: The document discusses threats from jihadist groups, the Iranian regime, and the rise of authoritarian states like Russia and China, including their nuclear ambitions and cyber warfare capabilities.
Q: How has U.S.-Israel security cooperation evolved since 9/11?
A: The document highlights the increased cooperation between U.S. and Israeli law enforcement and intelligence agencies, particularly in counter-terrorism efforts. It emphasizes the sharing of experiences and knowledge, with the Israelis admitting early mistakes to help the U.S. avoid similar pitfalls.
Q: What is the current geopolitical situation in Central Asia?
A: The document explores the complex relationships between China, Russia, and Turkey in Central Asia, highlighting the cultural and political tensions, and the impact of the breakup of the Soviet Union. It also discusses the Uyghur issue in China and the influence of Islamic radicalism.
Q: What are the key changes in Saudi Arabia in the last 20 years?
A: Saudi Arabia has undergone significant changes, particularly under Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman (MbS), including economic reforms, social changes, and a shift in the religious leadership's influence. However, the kingdom remains an autocracy and has not joined the Abraham Accords.
Q: What were the main failures of U.S. policy in Afghanistan?
A: The document criticizes the lack of a clear strategy for victory, the failure to hold Pakistan accountable for supporting the Taliban, and the flawed approach to nation-building. It also highlights the U.S. failure to understand the nature of the enemy and the complexities of the region.
Q: What is the significance of the Abraham Accords?
A: The Abraham Accords are presented as a positive development, fostering peace and cooperation between Israel and several Arab countries. They are seen as a response to the failures of the Arab Spring and a recognition of shared interests, particularly in countering Iran and Sunni jihadism.
Q: What is the role of Pakistan in the Afghan conflict?
A: Pakistan is portrayed as a duplicitous actor, supporting the Taliban while receiving aid from the U.S. The document highlights the ISI's role in training and leading the Taliban, and the lack of accountability for Pakistan's actions.
Q: What were the main causes of the Arab Spring?
A: The Arab Spring is attributed to a combination of factors, including corruption, lack of economic opportunities, and social humiliation. It also highlights the influence of colonial history and the desire for justice and an end to corruption, rather than democracy.
Q: What is the current state of the Iranian nuclear program?
A: The document expresses concern over Iran's nuclear ambitions, stating that the regime is not being held accountable for breaking its commitments under the JCPOA. It also criticizes the Biden administration for providing financial relief to the Iranian regime.
Q: What is the long-term impact of the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan?
A: The document argues that the withdrawal has emboldened jihadist groups, validated their violence, and created a boon for al-Qaeda. It also expresses concern over the potential for increased terrorism and instability in the region and beyond.